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Legal Procedure

What is Discovery?

The pre-trial phase in a lawsuit where each party can obtain evidence from the opposing party through various methods including interrogatories, depositions, and requests for documents.

Understanding Discovery

Discovery is designed to prevent "trial by ambush" by allowing both sides to know the evidence and arguments before trial. Common discovery tools include written interrogatories, requests for production of documents, requests for admissions, and depositions.

Examples

  • 1Requesting medical records from the plaintiff
  • 2Deposing witnesses and parties
  • 3Sending interrogatories about the incident

Why This Matters in Legal Cases

Discovery is often the longest and most expensive phase of litigation, but it is where cases are won or lost. The evidence gathered during discovery shapes settlement negotiations and trial strategy. Strong discovery can uncover critical evidence—such as internal emails showing a company knew about a safety defect—that dramatically increases case value.

Explaining to Clients

Prepare clients for discovery by explaining that both sides get to ask questions and request documents. Reassure them that while the process can feel invasive, it is essential for building their case. Emphasize the importance of being truthful and thorough in their responses, as inconsistencies can be used against them at trial.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does the discovery process take?

Discovery typically lasts 6-12 months but can extend longer in complex cases. Courts set discovery deadlines, and extensions are common. The timeline depends on the number of parties, complexity of issues, and volume of documents involved.

What happens if the other side refuses to turn over evidence?

If a party fails to comply with discovery requests, the requesting party can file a motion to compel. Courts can impose sanctions for non-compliance, including fines, adverse inference instructions (telling the jury to assume the hidden evidence was unfavorable), or even dismissal of claims or defenses.

Can discovery requests be objected to?

Yes. Common objections include that the request is overly broad, unduly burdensome, seeks privileged information (attorney-client communications), or is not relevant to the case. Disputes over discovery objections are resolved by the court.
Last updated: January 24, 2026
Reviewed by: Quilia Legal Content Team

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